Linux nmap命令详解

nmap，也就是Network Mapper，是Linux下的网络扫描和嗅探工具包。

nmap是在网络安全渗透测试中经常会用到的强大的扫描器。功能之强大，不言而喻。下面介绍一下它的几种扫描命令。具体的还是得靠大家自己学习，因为实在太强大了。

nmap安装

yum install nmap

nmap场景命令参数

Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification}TARGET SPECIFICATION:  Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc.  Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254  -iL <inputfilename>: Input from list of hosts/networks  -iR <num hosts>: Choose random targets  --exclude <host1[,host2][,host3],...>: Exclude hosts/networks  --excludefile <exclude_file>: Exclude list from fileHOST DISCOVERY:  -sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan  -sn: Ping Scan - disable port scan  -Pn: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery  -PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports  -PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes  -PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping  -PR: ARP ping - does not need HW address -> IP translation  -n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes]  --dns-servers <serv1[,serv2],...>: Specify custom DNS servers  --system-dns: Use OS's DNS resolver  --traceroute: Trace hop path to each hostSCAN TECHNIQUES:  -sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans  -sU: UDP Scan  -sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans  --scanflags <flags>: Customize TCP scan flags  -sI <zombie host[:probeport]>: Idle scan  -sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans  -sO: IP protocol scan  -b <FTP relay host>: FTP bounce scanPORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER:  -p <port ranges>: Only scan specified portsEx: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9  -F: Fast mode - Scan fewer ports than the default scan  -r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize  --top-ports <number>: Scan <number> most common ports  --port-ratio <ratio>: Scan ports more common than <ratio>SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION:  -sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info  -sR: Check what service uses opened ports using RPC scan  --version-intensity <level>: Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes)  --version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2)  --version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9)  --version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)SCRIPT SCAN:  -sC: equivalent to --script=default  --script=<Lua scripts>: <Lua scripts> is a comma separated list ofdirectories, script-files or script-categories  --script-args=<n1=v1,[n2=v2,...]>: provide arguments to scripts  --script-trace: Show all data sent and received  --script-updatedb: Update the script database.OS DETECTION:  -O: Enable OS detection  --osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets  --osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressivelyTIMING AND PERFORMANCE:  Options which take <time> are in seconds, or append 'ms' (milliseconds),  's' (seconds), 'm' (minutes), or 'h' (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m).  -T<0-5>: Set timing template (higher is faster)  --min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup <size>: Parallel host scan group sizes  --min-parallelism/max-parallelism <numprobes>: Probe parallelization  --min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout <time>: Specifies  probe round trip time.  --max-retries <tries>: Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions.  --host-timeout <time>: Give up on target after this long  --scan-delay/--max-scan-delay <time>: Adjust delay between probes  --min-rate <number>: Send packets no slower than <number> per second  --max-rate <number>: Send packets no faster than <number> per secondFIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING:  -f; --mtu <val>: fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU)  -D <decoy1,decoy2[,ME],...>: Cloak a scan with decoys  -S <IP_Address>: Spoof source address  -e <iface>: Use specified interface  -g/--source-port <portnum>: Use given port number  --data-length <num>: Append random data to sent packets  --ip-options <options>: Send packets with specified ip options  --ttl <val>: Set IP time-to-live field  --spoof-mac <mac address/prefix/vendor name>: Spoof your MAC address  --badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksumOUTPUT:  -oN/-oX/-oS/-oG <file>: Output scan in normal, XML, s|<rIpt kIddi3, and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename.  -oA <basename>: Output in the three major formats at once  -v: Increase verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect)  -d: Increase debugging level (use -dd or more for greater effect)  --reason: Display the reason a port is in a particular state  --open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports  --packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received  --iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging)  --log-errors: Log errors/waings to the normal-format output file  --append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files  --resume <filename>: Resume an aborted scan  --stylesheet <path/URL>: XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML  --webxml: Reference stylesheet from Nmap.Org for more portable XML  --no-stylesheet: Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML outputMISC:  -6: Enable IPv6 scanning  -A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute  --datadir <diame>: Specify custom Nmap data file location  --send-eth/--send-ip: Send using raw etheet frames or IP packets  --privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged  --unprivileged: Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges  -V: Print version number  -h: Print this help summary page.EXAMPLES:  nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org  nmap -v -sn 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8  nmap -v -iR 10000 -Pn -p 80

常见命令展示

1) 获取远程主机的系统类型及开放端口

nmap -sS -P0 -sV -O <target>

这里的 < target > 可以是单一 IP, 或主机名，或域名，或子网

-sS TCP SYN 扫描 (又称半开放,或隐身扫描)

-P0 允许你关闭 ICMP pings.

-sV 打开系统版本检测

-O 尝试识别远程操作系统

其它选项:

-A 同时打开操作系统指纹和版本检测

-v 详细输出扫描情况.

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1

nmap -sS -P0 -A -v < target >

2) 列出开放了指定端口的主机列表

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nmap -sT -p 80 -oG – 192.168.1.* | grep open

3) 在网络寻找所有在线主机

nmap -sP 192.168.0.*

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或者也可用以下命令:

nmap -sP 192.168.0.0/24

指定 subnet

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4) Ping 指定范围内的 IP 地址

nmap -sP 192.168.1.100-254

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5) 在某段子网上查找未占用的 IP

nmap -T4 -sP 192.168.2.0/24 && egrep “00:00:00:00:00:00″ /proc/net/arp

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6) 在局域网上扫找 Conficker 蠕虫病毒

nmap -PN -T4 -p139,445 -n -v –script=smb-check-vulns –script-args safe=1 192.168.0.1-254

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7) 扫描网络上的恶意接入点 （rogue APs）.

nmap -A -p1-85,113,443,8080-8100 -T4 –min-hostgroup 50 –max-rtt-timeout

2000 –initial-rtt-timeout 300 –max-retries 3 –host-timeout 20m

–max-scan-delay 1000 -oA wapscan 10.0.0.0/8

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8 ) 使用诱饵扫描方法来扫描主机端口

sudo nmap -sS 192.168.0.10 -D 192.168.0.2

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9) 为一个子网列出反向 DNS 记录

nmap -R -sL 209.85.229.99/27 | awk ‘{if($3==”not”)print”(“$2″) no PTR”;else print$3″ is “$2}’ | grep ‘(‘

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10) 显示网络上共有多少台 Linux 及 Win 设备?

sudo nmap -F -O 192.168.0.1-255 | grep “Running: ” > /tmp/os; echo “$(cat /tmp/os | grep Linux

| wc -l) Linux device(s)”; echo “$(cat /tmp/os | grep Windows | wc -l) Window(s) device”

 

【更多参考】

Linux网络探测和安全审核工具 nmap使用详解